Preventing Sample Contamination in Medical Lab Testing

Summary

• Properly labeling collection tubes
• Following a specific order of draw
• Implementing proper Hand Hygiene and personal protective equipment

Introduction

Medical lab testing is a crucial component of patient care and treatment. Phlebotomists play a vital role in collecting blood samples for testing in the laboratory. When collecting multiple specimens from a patient, it is essential to prevent sample contamination to ensure accurate Test Results. In this article, we will discuss strategies that phlebotomists can implement to prevent sample contamination.

Properly labeling collection tubes

One of the most important steps in preventing sample contamination is ensuring that collection tubes are properly labeled. Each tube must be labeled with the patient's name, date of birth, medical record number, and the date and time of collection. Failure to label tubes correctly can result in misidentification of samples and potentially disastrous consequences for the patient.

Steps to properly label collection tubes:

1. Check the patient's identification wristband to verify their identity.
2. Label each tube immediately after collection.
3. Use a waterproof pen or label to prevent smudging.
4. Double-check the information on the label before sending the samples to the lab.

Following a specific order of draw

Another critical factor in preventing sample contamination is following a specific order of draw when collecting multiple specimens from a patient. The order of draw helps prevent sample contamination by minimizing the risk of carryover between tubes. This practice is essential for accurate Test Results and patient safety.

Common order of draw for venous blood collection:

1. Yellow or sterile Blood Culture tubes
2. Light blue tubes (Sodium Citrate)
3. Red or gold-topped tubes (serum tubes)
4. Green or mint green-topped tubes (Heparin tubes)
5. Lavender-topped tubes (EDTA tubes)
6. Gray-topped tubes (oxalate/fluoride tubes)

Implementing proper Hand Hygiene and personal protective equipment

Phlebotomists must also implement proper Hand Hygiene and wear appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent sample contamination. Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after each patient encounter to prevent the spread of infection. Additionally, wearing gloves, masks, and gowns can help protect both the phlebotomist and the patient from potential contamination.

Key practices for Hand Hygiene and PPE:

1. Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer.
2. Wear gloves when collecting samples and change them between patients.
3. Use masks and gowns when appropriate, especially when dealing with potentially infectious patients.
4. Avoid touching the patient or surfaces with contaminated gloves.

Conclusion

Preventing sample contamination is essential for accurate Test Results and patient safety. Phlebotomists can take proactive steps to minimize the risk of contamination when collecting multiple specimens from a patient. By properly labeling collection tubes, following a specific order of draw, and implementing proper Hand Hygiene and personal protective equipment, phlebotomists can ensure the quality and integrity of the samples collected for laboratory testing.

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