Common Sources of Test Interference in Phlebotomy: Impact on Laboratory Results
Summary
- Improper collection techniques can lead to hemolysis, which can affect laboratory results
- Medications and substances such as lipemia, icterus, and hemoglobinopathies can interfere with Test Results
- Issues with sample transportation and storage can also impact the accuracy of laboratory results
Introduction
Phlebotomy is a critical aspect of healthcare that involves the collection of blood samples for diagnostic testing. The accuracy of laboratory results is essential for making accurate diagnoses and developing appropriate treatment plans. However, there are several common sources of test interference that can impact the accuracy of laboratory results in the field of phlebotomy in the United States.
Improper Collection Techniques
One common source of test interference in phlebotomy is improper collection techniques. Improper handling or processing of blood samples can lead to hemolysis, which is the rupture of red blood cells and release of their contents into the plasma or serum portion of the sample. Hemolysis can affect laboratory results by altering the concentrations of various analytes in the sample. Some factors that can cause hemolysis include:
- Using a needle that is too small or large for the vein
- Applying too much force when inserting or withdrawing the needle
- Agitating the sample too vigorously during collection
Medications and Substances
Another common source of test interference in phlebotomy is the presence of medications and substances in the patient's system. Certain medications and substances can interfere with the accuracy of laboratory results by affecting the concentrations of analytes being measured. Examples of medications and substances that can cause interference include:
- Lipemia: Increased levels of lipids in the blood can cause interference in assays that rely on spectrophotometry or turbidimetry
- Icterus: Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood can interfere with tests that rely on colorimetric detection methods
- Hemoglobinopathies: Genetic conditions that affect hemoglobin production can lead to inaccurate results in tests that measure hemoglobin levels
Sample Transportation and Storage
In addition to improper collection techniques and the presence of medications and substances, issues with sample transportation and storage can also affect the accuracy of laboratory results in phlebotomy. Samples that are not properly handled during transportation or stored under the wrong conditions can deteriorate, leading to inaccurate Test Results. Factors that can affect sample transportation and storage include:
- Exposure to extreme temperatures during transportation
- Delay in delivering samples to the laboratory for analysis
- Improper storage conditions, such as exposure to light or air
Conclusion
It is essential to be aware of the common sources of test interference that may affect the accuracy of laboratory results in the field of phlebotomy in the United States. By using proper collection techniques, being mindful of medications and substances that can interfere with Test Results, and ensuring proper sample transportation and storage, healthcare professionals can help ensure the accuracy of laboratory results and provide the best possible care for their patients.
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