Common Errors in Phlebotomy: Patient Identification, Blood Sample Labeling, and Handling & Storage

Summary

• Failure to properly identify the patient
• Incorrect labeling of blood samples
• Improper handling and storage of blood samples

Introduction

Phlebotomists play a crucial role in the medical laboratory setting by collecting blood samples for various tests and analyses. However, despite their training and expertise, phlebotomists can sometimes make errors during the collection and handling of blood samples that can have significant consequences on patient care. In this article, we will explore some of the most common errors made by phlebotomists in the United States and discuss how these errors can be prevented.

Failure to Properly Identify the Patient

One of the most critical steps in the blood collection process is ensuring that the phlebotomist correctly identifies the patient before drawing blood. Failure to properly identify the patient can result in serious consequences, including misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, or even harm to the patient. Some common errors related to patient identification include:

1. Not asking for identification: Phlebotomists must always ask patients to provide their full name and date of birth before drawing blood. Skipping this step can lead to blood samples being collected from the wrong patient.
2. Not verifying patient information: In addition to asking for identification, phlebotomists should always verify the patient's information against the requisition form or electronic records to ensure accuracy.
3. Not using two forms of identification: Some facilities require phlebotomists to use two forms of identification, such as a wristband and a requisition form, to further confirm the patient’s identity.

Incorrect Labeling of Blood Samples

After collecting blood samples, phlebotomists are responsible for labeling the tubes correctly to ensure accurate identification and tracking throughout the testing process. Incorrectly labeled blood samples can result in delays in testing, misinterpretation of results, and even patient misdiagnosis. Some common errors related to labeling blood samples include:

1. Missing or incomplete information: Phlebotomists must ensure that all required information, such as the patient’s name, date of birth, time and date of collection, and phlebotomist’s initials, are clearly and accurately labeled on each tube.
2. Illegible handwriting: Sloppy or illegible handwriting can lead to misinterpretation of information, resulting in errors during the testing process. Phlebotomists should always use legible handwriting or consider using printed labels.
3. Using the wrong labels: It is essential for phlebotomists to use the correct labels for each tube, as mix-ups can occur if the wrong labels are applied. Phlebotomists should double-check that the labels match the patient’s information before applying them.

Improper Handling and Storage of Blood Samples

Once blood samples are collected and labeled, phlebotomists must ensure that they are handled and stored correctly to maintain Sample Integrity and prevent contamination. Improper handling and storage of blood samples can lead to inaccurate Test Results, sample rejection, or the need for recollection. Some common errors related to handling and storage of blood samples include:

1. Not following proper protocol: Phlebotomists should be familiar with and follow the facility’s guidelines for handling and storing blood samples, including correct tube mixing techniques, needle disposal procedures, and temperature requirements.
2. Improper transportation: Blood samples must be transported to the laboratory in a timely manner and under the appropriate conditions to prevent degradation or contamination. Phlebotomists should use proper transport containers and follow any special instructions for transport.
3. Failure to store samples securely: Blood samples should be stored securely in designated areas to prevent unauthorized access, contamination, or loss. Phlebotomists should follow proper storage procedures and label samples with the correct storage requirements.

Conclusion

Phlebotomists play a crucial role in the medical laboratory setting by collecting blood samples for testing and analysis. However, errors in the collection and handling of blood samples can have significant consequences on patient care and the accuracy of Test Results. By ensuring proper patient identification, accurate labeling of blood samples, and appropriate handling and storage procedures, phlebotomists can help prevent errors and promote patient safety in the clinical laboratory setting.

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